英単語 October 26、2015
Below is the list of English words and phrases I looked up while reading Amanda Putnam's "Mean Ladies: Transgendred Villains in Disney Films."
disconcert
: to make (someone) upset or embarrassed
transitive verb
1: to throw into confusion
2: to disturb the composure of
— dis·con·cert·ing adjective
— dis·con·cert·ing·ly
\-tiŋ-lē\ adverb
— dis·con·cert·ment
\-mənt\ noun
border on/ upon
1:（〜と）隣り合う
2:ほとんど（〜の）状態である、（〜に）近い状態である
e.g. However, the gender-bending traits appear within male villains as well, as they are given overt (and even garish) feminine traits--some bordering on an implicit homosexual characterization.
congruent
mathematics : having the same size and shape
: matching or in agreement with something
1: congruous
2: superposable so as to be coincident throughout
3: having the difference divisible by a given modulus <12 is congruent to 2 (modulo 5) since 12−2=2·5>
— con·gru·ent·ly adverb
e.g. Thus, transgendered characteristics are those in which the sex of a person is not entirely congruent with their gender identity or actions.
stigmatize
: to describe or regard (something, such as a characteristic or group of people) in a way that shows strong disapproval
1a archaic : brand
b : to describe or identify in opprobrious terms
2 : to mark with stigmata
draw into
[SVO(M)]＜人・物が＞（人）を引き寄せる；（人・興味・注意など）を（...に）引きつける、引き込む（to, into, toward）
e.g. By performing gender outside of normative expectations, individuals may therefore draw into question much more than their gender...
nefarious
: evil or immoral
— ne·far·i·ous·ly adverb
極悪な、ふらちな、非道な
despicable
: very bad or unpleasant : deserving to be despised
: deserving to be despised : so worthless or obnoxious as to rouse moral indignation <despicable behavior>
— de·spi·ca·ble·ness noun
— de·spi·ca·bly \-blē\ adverb
卑劣な、卑しむべき、見下げ果てた
aberrant
: different from the usual or natural type : unusual or abnormal
王道を外れた、常軌を逸した
superfluous
: beyond what is needed : not necessary
1a : exceeding what is sufficient or necessary : extra
b : not needed : unnecessary
2 obsolete : marked by wastefulness : extravagant
— su·per·flu·ous·ly adverb
— su·per·flu·ous·ness noun
unpalatable
1 : not palatable : distasteful <unpalatable wines>
2 : unpleasant, disagreeable <raising income tax rates is politically unpalatable — Mary Rowland>
（考えなど）受け入れ難い、いやな
stark
: having a very plain and often cold or empty appearance
: unpleasant and difficult to accept or experience
: very obvious : very plain and easily seen
1 a : rigid in or as if in death
b : rigidly conforming (as to a pattern or doctrine) : absolute <stark discipline>
5 : sharply delineated <a stark contrast>
— stark·ly adverb
— stark·ness noun
accentuate
: to make (something) more noticeable
1:（〜を）強調（力説）する
2:（色・音楽などを）引き立たせる、目立たせる
Definitions of these words are from:
If you wish to learn more definitions and details on word origins, please use OED.
